April 25, 2015, Stanley Park, Vancouver, BC

Bronze statue is B.C. native sculptor’s tribute to his great-great-grandfather

Bronze statue is B.C. native sculptor’s tribute to his great-great-grandfather

 APRIL 25, 2015, 2.00pm, STANLEY PARK at Brockton Point

The unveiling and inauguration ceremony  for the Shore to Shore monument of Portuguese Joe Silvey and his two Coast Salish wives (Pkultinat, granddaughter of great chief Kiapilano (she died around  1867 in Stanley park where they lived, later their house and their neighbours' houses were razed and occupants displaced  by the City of Vancouver in the 1920's), and Kwattleemat who delivered 10 children mostly on Reid island, near Galiano) 
will be at 2pm on April 25, 2015*. 
Open to the public.

Luke Marston sculpture on base of traditional Portuguese paving tile.

*(On April 25, 1974, a group of radical  army captains overthrew the fascist regime of Portugal which had been in power over 40 years. The event became known as the Carnation revolution because the soldiers' guns had carnations in the barrels, not bullets.)
 
.

Peter Smith aka Portuguese Pete of Stanley park-Vancouver Province Newspaper

http://www.theprovince.com/History+forgotten+existence+thriving+First+Nations+community+Stanley+Park/8870261/story.html

BROCKTON POINT 1906, Stanley Park, Vancouver, BC: PORTUGUESE JOE SILVEY'S HOUSE AND OTHERS.
 Home of Portuguese pioneers  Portuguese Joe Silvey (Portuguese Joe No. 1), Gregorio Fernandes, (aka  Joe Fernandez (Portuguese Joe No. 2), Joe Gonçalves  (aka Portuguese Joe No. 3,  Gonzalves, Gonzales-later of Madeira Park), Peter Smith (Portuguese Pete, aka Pete the Whaler) and their aboriginal families (Fernandes, aka Fernandez, the first coffee roaster in BC never married). Smith may have been Da Costa.
 Peter Smith's daughter and perhaps his wife  is buried at Brockton Point which is an an

cient aboriginal cemetery. It also contains the remains of Chinese pioneers and Kanaka natives.
By 1874 Joe Silvey had given his house to Joe Goncalves and Tomkins Brew was living in Fernandes' house.

Painting by Edgar Bloomfield, 1906, Vancouver City archives collection

Brockton Point 1886, Stanley Park
- Birthplace Of Elizabeth Silvey (circa 1864), first child of European heritage born in Vancouver. She helped her father, Portuguese Joe Silvey build a boat, the Morning Star at Brockton Point. She told the City archivist in the 1930's, Major Matthews, that she remembered as a young child holding one end of  boards for her father to saw. Later , Portuguese Joe used the Morning Star to catch "dog" fish, a member of the shark family. One year he made a fortune, 2 thousand dollars, selling the oil from dog fish livers to loggers who used it  to skid logs down to the water.

The Portuguese In British Columbia... and Canada

by mlopesazevedo

http://www.lusitania.ca/pbs/portuguesebc.html
(present version is slightly altered)

     Portuguese people have been coming to Canada for centuries. In 2003 Canada Post issued a commemorative stamp celebrating the 300th anniversary of Canada's first letter carrier, Pedro da Silva, likely a Portuguese New Christian who arrived in New France via La Rochelle, a popular French destination for secret Jews fleeing the Portuguese Inquisition.
     It is well known that Portuguese sailors have fished off the Grand Banks since the 15th century. They called it "Terra Nova". Portugal Cove in Newfoundland is ostensibly the place where the Portuguese explorers, the Corte Real brothers from the Azores  buried two men. Some historians assert that they visited Canada in the early 1400's, before Cartier and some even go so far as to say that the very name Canada is derived from the Portuguese "canada", (a narrow trail) which divided the land in the upper St. Lawrence between the Portuguese and New France. Apart from Portuguese Cove in Nova Scotia, this writer is unaware of any other Portuguese place names on the east coast.
     Although the majority of present day Portuguese Canadians derive from post 1950's immigration, as professor Jean Barman's book, The Remarkable Adventures of Portuguese Joe Silvey (Harbour Publishing, 2004), shows, there was a small community of Portuguese pioneers in British Columbia before Confederation. This group of virtually unknown early pioneers were mostly ex-whalers who deserted the ships of the Pacific whaling fleet for the California gold rush of 1849 and subsequently the British Columbia Fraser river gold rush of 1858 and later the Cariboo in 1860. They generally married Aboriginal women and had large families. They left small footprints but big shoes in the history of British Columbia, albeit the full story is yet to be told.
    There are a few geographical names on the west coast derived from Portuguese pioneers. There are none named after the most famous of those pioneers, Portuguese Joe Silvey who married Khaltinaht, Chief Kiapilano's granddaughter. A contemporary of Gassy Jack, he built the first non-aboriginal house in Stanley Park, ran a saloon in Gastown and in 1868 attempted to lease 20 acres at Brockton Point. He died on Reid Island where a second family of 10 children was raised following the death of his first wife.
    Two other pioneers have left their mark on the geography of British Columbia. Silva Bay on Gabriola Island is named after John Silva who came to B.C. in 1859, likely from the Azores although Cape Verde is sometimes mentioned. In 1863 he operated a fruit and vegetable store at 27 John Street in Victoria. In 1873 he and his wife, "Louisa", daughter of a Cowichan Indian chief, purchased 237 acres on Maine Island. He started BC’s first apple orchard there. The couple had ten children but when two of their children drowned in Plumper Pass, they moved to Gabriola Island. Three of their children served in the First World War, one was killed and one badly injured. On Gabriola, the family donated land for the Catholic Church and a public school. John died in 1929. Although some family members claim his real name was Jacques Almeida, born in Lisbon, the 1881 census states the Azores as his birthplace.
    Enos Lake and Enos Creek in Nannose Bay are named after the first European settler there, John Enos (Joao Ignacio), a native of the island of Santa Maria in the Azores. He settled there in 1862 after seeking his fortune in the gold rush. He almost drowned at Yale in 1859, when his raft overturned. In 1890 he sold his farm and returned to the Azores, the only one of the pioneers to do so. However, he returned two years later after being rejected by his childhood sweetheart.  He retired in 1894 to a ward in St Joseph's Hospital in Victoria but did not die until 1921 at the age of 87. He rode his bicycle around Victoria and played the guitar for the nuns of St. Ann's who looked after him.
   Saltspring Island has two roads named after early Portuguese pioneers, Bittancourt and Norton Roads. The Bittancourt brothers, Estalon and Manuel Antonio probably arrived on the island in 1859 from the island of Sao Miguel in the Azores. Although Manuel vanished after 1881, Estalon went on to become a prosperous and prominent resident with large real estate holdings and powerful friend in the Legislature.
He built the Vesuvius Bay Lodge and operated a store and post office there. The hotel burned down in 1975. He also mined coal and operated extensive quarries which supplied stone to the legislative buildings in Victoria, churches, the inner harbour and dry docks in Victoria and Esquimalt and the San Francisco mint.. Today, the Bittancourt museum is named after this industrious pioneer.
    The Norton brothers, John and Delarvo left the island of Flores, Azores at a very young age and were "adopted" by a whaling captain named Norton in Boston Massachusetts. They settled in Saltspring in 1858 or 1859. In 1903 John Norton established the Northwest Creamery which became the leading dairy in Victoria until its sale in the 1990s.
     Many other Portuguese pioneers contributed to the building of British Columbia. Joe Goncalves who arrived in Gastown in 1874 to look after his uncle Gregory Fernandes, the first storekeeper in Vancouver, eventually settled in Madeira Park, which is named after him although he lived many years in Stanley Park with other Portuguese pioneers like Peter Smith (aka Portuguese Pete), one of the founders of the whaling industry in B.C. Their children married and died in Stanley Park until being evicted by the City of Vancouver in a court case that went all the way to Supreme Court of Canada which, in the author's opinion,  rendered an unjust decision against the settlers.
     The earliest Portuguese presence in B.C. dates to the fur trading wars of the Spanish and English, which almost led to war between Spain and England, but diplomacy  led to captain Vancouver's voyage of 1792 to settle the terms of peace. In 1787 and 1788 Captain John Meares, a retired British naval officer turned fur trade merchant brought a ship named Iphigenia Nubian from the Portuguese colony of Macao where his partner, Joao Carvalho had outfitted her with a Portuguese flag and Portuguese co-captain, Dom Francisco Viana, a native of Lisbon and some officers. The ships sailing papers were in Portuguese. The Spanish captured the ship at Nootka but later released her. She was still on the coast in 1792, for Captain Vancouver makes reference that a Portuguese ship was in distress in the Queen Charlotte Islands.
    On the east coast of Canada, one of the earliest interpreters between the Aboriginals and French was Mathieu Da Costa of whom very little is known. He was a linguist and interpreter who acted as Samuel Champlain's interpreter aboard the ship "Jonas" which sailed from La Rochelle in France to Acadia in 1606. He may have been born in the Azores. He had darker skin than his European employers and this has led to speculation that he may have been the offspring of a Portuguese father and an African mother - after all; there is a saying in Portuguese that God created the white person and the black person, but the Portuguese created the "mulato".

PORTUGUESE JOE SILVEY DENIED NATIONAL STATUS,

(The Honouarble Peter Kent endorses decision)

The Remarkable Adventures of "Portuguese Joe" Silvey: A True Story of British Columbia by Jean Barman
 (harbourpublising.com)

Preface by Manuel Azevedo

There is a Portuguese saying that God is everywhere, but the Portuguese were there first. Accordingly, it should come as no surprise that Portuguese Joe Silvey was one of the earliest pioneers of what is now British Columbia. Joe Silvey was only one of many Portuguese who reached both the east and west coasts of Canada long before 1867, the year of Confederation (British Columbia joined in 1871). In fact, 2004 is the 300th anniversary of Canada’s first letter carrier, Pedro da Silva of New France, an occasion that has been honoured with the issue of a commemorative stamp by Canada Post.

Portuguese Joe Silvey sought his fortune in the gold rush of 1858 at a time when the non-aboriginal population of British Columbia exploded from about 1,000 to 20,000 or more in a matter of months. Victoria, a sleepy town of about 400 people, became a sprawling tent city overnight, filled with gold seekers from every corner of the world.

Although Joe was unlucky in his search for gold, he did find a beautiful wife in the unspoiled paradise that was Vancouver. In the first non-aboriginal marriage in Vancouver, he wed Khaltinaht, the granddaughter of the legendary chief, Kiapilano. The wedding took place at Musqueam, and the newlyweds set off in a canoe piled high with blankets to Point Roberts for their honeymoon. Later Joe returned to Gastown, where he opened a saloon at the corner of Abbott and Water streets, across the street from Gregorio Fernandez’s general store. He lived at Brockton Point, in what later became Stanley Park, with other pioneers: the legendary whaler Portuguese Pete (Peter Smith); Joe Gonsalves, aka Portuguese Joe No. 2; and Vancouver's first police officer, Tomkins Brew. All of them--except Fernandez, who remained a bachelor--married aboriginal women.

After the tragic death of his wife Khaltinaht, Joe Silvey found yet another beautiful wife, Kwahama Kwatleematt (Lucy) from Sechelt, and together they raised a dozen children on Reid Island off the northwest tip of Galiano Island. Joe worked hard to raise his family and protect them from the prejudices of the times. He fished for dogfish and herring, which he sold to loggers and visiting ships, he built boats and houses, he planted orchards, he operated a store, he established a school for his children and he entertained his family with the accordion and Portuguese dances. He never returned to his homeland, the island of Pico in the Azores, aka the Westerly Isles--Portuguese islands in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, more than 1,000 miles off the coast of Portugal on the same latitude as New York City.

Like his countrymen from the Azores, Madeira and Cape Verde islands, Joe established deep roots in British Columbia. These men, like other pioneers from every corner of the world, contributed to the building of BC. Joe practically founded the fishing industry and obtained the first herring seine licence in the province. His Brockton Point neighbour, the legendary Portuguese Pete, started the whaling industry; Joe Gonsalves of Madeira built the first deep-sea docks on the Sunshine Coast with the help of the “black” Azorean, Joe Perry; John Silva of Cape Verde, later of Gabriola Island, planted what may have been the province's first apple orchard on Mayne Island; John Enos (Ignacio) of the island of Santa Maria in the Azores, the first European settler at Nanoose Bay, helped build the bridges of Nanaimo. In Victoria, Joseph Morais owned and operated a hotel, restaurant and miners’ exchange in 1861. The Bitancourt and Norton brothers, from Sao Miguel and Flores Islands (Azores), respectively, developed dairies, coal mines and quarries on Salt Spring Island.

Now, for the first time, the respected historian and professor Jean Barman gives us a very human glimpse of the life of one of these pioneer builders of British Columbia, Portuguese Joe Silvey. She traces his adventures, his fortunes and misfortunes through the stories told by his children and their descendants. In this very personal, heartwarming monograph, she brings one family to life, thereby providing us with a better understanding of the untold lives of hundreds of other early pioneers, whose contributions and sacrifices made British Columbia what it is today.

Vancouver, 2004-03-18

THE BITTANCOURTS AND THE NORTONS

Early Salt Spring home builders
By Morton Stratton

Four very young Portugese youth 
(two sets of brothers) were among the earliest settlers on Salt Spring Island, 
arriving about 1860 just after Willis and Sylvia Stark, the Jones brothers and 
other pioneer families. Estalon and Manuel Bittancourt established claims on the 
shores of Vesuvius Bay and the fertile land to the cast; John and Delarvo Norton 
(the family name was adopted from the captain of the ship bringing them from 
Portugal) took up their claims on the gently rolling uplands between the present 
golf course and Lady Minto Hospital. Manuel and Delarvo disappear from the 
record; but Estalon Bittancourt, Manuel's son, Reid and John Norton put their 
roots down on the island, raised their huge families here, and erected some of 
the substantial homes which graced central Salt Spring Island at the turn of the 
century. It is particularly unfortunate that three of the finest homes built by 
the Bittancourts no longer exist (One demolished and two destroyed by fire) and 
hence cannot be represented in the photographic exhibit of old homes scheduled 
by the Canadian Arts Council for June 20 in Mahon Hall. But happily, several 
others are still well preserved, as are two houses built by John 
Norton.

ROMANTIC CAREER

Estalon Bittancourt had a particularly romantic and interesting career. Born in the Azores about 1845 he developed a roving disposition and a longing to go to sea. At the age of about 15 or 16 he swam out to a sailing ship bound for the goldfields of Australia. 

Soon after, the lure of the sea brought him to Vancouver Island. Refused shore 
leave by his captain he waited until nightfall and swam ashore at Royal Roads. 
Purchasing a sloop, he did a good business for several months carrying sawdust 
from Mill Bay to Victoria. Then disaster struck; a driving gale piled his frail 
craft on the rocks at ten mile point just north of Cordova Bay; but fortunately 
his ability as a swimmer saved him after a hard struggle with the swift running 
current. Perhaps tiring of his adventures on the sea he took the advice of his 
fellow countryman, John Norton, who already knew something of Salt Spring, and 
established his land claims behind Vesuvius Bay. 

STORY OF THE FAMILY

For a full generation, from the 
1860's until death in 1917, the story of Vesuvius is in a real way the story of 
the Estalon married, raised a large family of nine children, became a 
substantial businessman and farmer and developed the agreeable habit of building 
substantial homes for himself and his family. The earliest and the finest, his 
own home above the docks at Vesuvius, existed in its later days as the Vesuvius 
Bay (An annex was built in 1886 for son, Fred, and wife, Annie). This big house 
was the centre of Estalon's enterprise. Hero he ran a general store (supplied by 
a sloop with which he delivered goods to and from Victoria) and a friendly 
little neighborhood pub (a decent enough establishment, but still off limits to 
the strict Methodists at Central Settlement.) Later he developed the store into 
the Vesuvius Bay Hotel. A major source of income for the growing Bittancourt 
family came from the operation of the sandstone quarries at Vesuvius, originally 
developed in 1860-61 by five partners who took of for the goldfields of the 
Cariboo in 1861.

 
AT FULL STRENGTH
In the 1880's the sandstone quarry 
was running at full strength and the family operated three sloops carrying stone 
to Victoria and Esquimalt. The Esquimalt dry dock, the original causeway in 
front of the Empress Hotel and several churches in Victoria were constructed of 
Vesuvius sandstone. Coal was also mined at the Bittancourt place; especially at 
nearby Dock (now corrupted to Duck) Bay. Bea Hamilton tells us this coal 
retailed for 25 cents a bag! Since the Vesuvius docks were the principal window 
on the world for settlers north of the Divide, the Bittancourts were often the 
first to welcome newcomers to the island. One of the early priests working this 
mission field, Father Kremera, was once flung from his canoe into the waters at 
Sansum Narrows. He made it to shore and staggered through the bush where he was 
found by Bittancourt. Years later (1894) it was Bittancourt who greeted the Rev. 
E.F. Wilson upon his first arrival at Salt Spring on a cold February morning and 
directed him on his way to Mrs. Stevens; Boarding House. Meanwhile, over the 
years the Bittancourt land holdings were expanding (some of the acreage farmed 
with the help of his son, Charlie) until at the time of Estalon's death in 1917 
at the age of 74 there were 437 acres registered in his name. 
 
FIVE HOUSES
The family home - turned hotel was 
destroyed by fire on 1975 but five houses still attest to the prosperity of this 
enterprising pioneer. Best known are the three "dowry houses" that ringed 
Vesuvius Bay (photo in Toynbee's Snapshots), built by Bittancourt for three of 
his married daughters (one house has since been moved to the top of the hill 
where the road descends to the bay). A house built across the road from the 
wharf for his son, Fred, about 1892 was recently moved to the Farmer's Institute 
property on Rainbow Road and will serve the community as Salt Spring Island's 
first museum after remodeling is "The Ark" the jewel of them all. The 
Bittancourt family was Catholic and had originally installed a chaplin in the 
attic of the old family home where once a month a Catholic priest attended to 
celebrate mass. Later, Estalon built a small chapel up the road from son Fred's 
home. This pretty little building, now a residence, still stands with a bell in 
the gable, a fitting testimonial to the devout Catholic family whose legacy 
lives on at Vesuvius Bay.

HIS NEPHEWS
Equally well known to the next 
generation on Salt Spring, including many now living were Estalon Bittancourt's 
nephews, Reid and Arthur Bittancourt. After he moved here in the 1880's Reid's 
life was intimately related to the development of the Ganges area. Arthur, on 
the other hand, made his name in Alaska but he is remembered locally for the 
meticulous care with which he dismantled the Methodist chapel at Central board 
by board and window by window and reassembled it on Hereford Avenue. Here the 
structure now stands as the street side portion of the Legion Hall. Complete 
with a new roof, the operation cost $300. Arthur also did some exceptional 
carpentry work in the early 20's in the home of Dick Toynee on Churchill Road. 
Abraham Reid Bittancourt was an outstanding carpenter and builder. (See Valerie 
Richards comment on his craftsmanship in a recent Driftwood). He apparently 
developed his skills before moving to the island. In 1890 he worked with Mr. 
Herd of Somenoa in the construction of the T. W. Mouat house which still stands 
on the ridge west of St. Mary Lake. 

BULLOCK MANSION
Certainly the biggest commission 
was building the impressive Henry Bullock mansion in 1892 for a contract price 
of $2,000. Subsequently, he erected several houses in the village of Ganges; for 
example, the home at the corner of Rainbow Road and Lower Ganges Road across 
from the health office. But better known was the splendid home and store put up 
in 1904 at the foot of Ganges Hill, known more recently as the Dr. Francis 
nursing home (demolished in 1967). Reid's career as a storekeeper boat operator 
and patrol officer for Canada Customs are beyond the scope of this article. In 
concluding these comments on the Portugese pioneers, mention must be made of 
John Norton (born Delavera). Like Reid Bittancourt, he raised a fine family on 
Salt Spring. His children were contemporaries and playmates of some of Salt 
Spring's older living residents (see Toynbee's school snapshots). John Norton 
was a prosperous farmer in the area west and north of the present Valcourt 
Centre. 

ON NORTON ROAD
Here he constructed for his second 
wife the family home which stands on the left up Norton Road and is now 
surrounded by so many lovely flowers and overgrown shrubs. Incidentally, this 
house, owned by a granddaughter of John Norton, is the only house in the 
Heritage House Committee's survey which is still in the hands of a descendant of 
the builder. John Norton also built a house for A.J. Smith about 1903 which 
stands on the left of Blain Road above Greenwoods, commanding a panoramic view 
of Ganges Harbour. The Nortons and the Bittancourts, only recently so well known 
on the island are gone now. But the houses they built stand as a tribute to the 
contribution they made to the growth and diversity of our fascinating island. 
 

Joseph Lewis, the truly first Portuguese Joe No. 1

(Do Not) “Hang and draw,

And set in judgement after. "

(Henry Crease*, Lewis' lawyer)

The British Colonist, June 3, 1859, p.2

BARBAROUS MURDER-On or about Wednesday night, Johnston Cochrane, one of

the police was barbarously murdered on the road to Craig Flower, where the body

was discovered lying, having received two shots, one through the head and another,

in the mouth. A colored man is suspected, whom the deceased was in search of, for

having stolen some pigs. Yesterday he was arrested some seven miles from this

town, towards Saanitch. His name is Joseph Lewis, alias Portuguese Joe, a native

of the Cape de Verde Islands. He will be examined this morning.

On application of Sheriff Heaton, His Excellency, Gov. Douglas, has offered 100 (pounds)

for the arrest and conviction of the murderer. We sincerely hope, that no effort or

expense will be spared in bringing the perpetrator of this awful crime to speedy justice.

During the past year several murders have been committed, supposed to have been done by whitemen, but no conviction has resulted.

June 6, 1859, p. 2

THE MURDER OF JOHNSON COCHRANE--

The officers of justice have not yet succeeded

in obtaining necessary evidence of the complicity of

the colored man, “ Portuguese Joe”

in this crime . He is still in prison and

we hear that every effort is being made to

arrest the perpetrator of the foul deed.

June 13, 1859, p. 3

VICTORIA POLICE COURT

-----

BEFORE JUSTICE PEMBERTON

SATURDAY, June 11th

The Murdered Policeman, Cochrane--

A half-breed, Jollibeau, who resides

with his father on the farm of the late Dr. Kenedy,

was very closely interrogated by justice

Pemberton, to learn if he had any connection

with Joe Lewis, the party in prison.

It appeared that he had been engaged in

the early part of the year, with two colored

men, in shooting game for the market. A double barreled

gun with one rifle, and one smooth bore, together with a revolver and,

fowling-piece were produced in court ;

he swore that they had not been out of his possession on

the supposed day of the murder, and also that he had very little knowledge of the accused. His sister, who seemed to know very little of the rules of court, and gave the Judge considerable trouble, failed to connect, in any way, the parties, but distinctly swore that she had never seen Lewis. Jollibeau was set at liberty. As yet there is no evidence to implicate any party. The officers are still in pursuit of the murderers. Lewis will be brought up again on Thursday.

June 17, 1859, p.3

VICTORIA POLICE COURT

-----

BEFORE JUSTICE PEMBERTON

WEDNESDAY, 15^th June.

ACQUITTAL: Joseph Lewis, charged with

being concerned in the murder of Policeman

Cochrane, was called up for final examination.

The Crown Solicitor asked to remand him; but the prisoner's

counsel, Mr. Crease, objected. Officer Smith, being

sworn, testified that there was no prospect

of further evidence to show that the prisoner was

concerned in the murder. The court suggested

that the prisoner make a voluntary statement,

warning him not to confess anything to convict himself.

Lewis then stated that he had slept at Victoria

Brewery, the night previous to the murder;

that he started early to go to Porter's farm;

Porter considered it too late to hunt up

cattle, so he returned to the Brewery; slept

there that night with a man named Wallace.

He had no firearms; was by trade

a butcher; did not know the deceased; had

no idea of a warrant being out for his arrest

on a charge of stealing pigs; lived on

Johnson street .

Two witnesses were called, Mr. Wallace

and Mr. Steinberg; who corroborated his

statement.

Mr. Crease asked for his immediate

acquital.

The Court questioned Lewis very closely

as to his mode of life; stated that he was

suspected of killing cattle and pigs,--and

warned him if he came before him, bonds

would be required for his good behavior.

Mr. Crease hoped his Worship would not

“Hang and draw,

And set in judgement after. "

Lewis was then discharged.

ON SUSPICION--Francoise Presse

was arraigned on the charge of being concerned

in the murder of Johnson Cochrane; but

after a short examination, was remanded

till tomorrow.

In 1858 Henry Crease was the first barrister qualified to practice as a Barrister of Her Majesty's Court of Civil Justice for Vancouver Island.  He was later appointed Attorney General.

Sir Henry Pering Pellew Crease
Henry Pering Pellew Crease
Supreme Court of British Columbia
In office May 13, 1870 – January 20, 1896
Appointed by	Anthony Musgrave
Attorney General of British Columbia
In office October 15, 1861 – May 13, 1870
Appointed by	James Douglas

From UBC

The Fraser River Gold Rush (Timeline)

Appendix 1: Early British Columbia Political Timeline, Key Events

1842	Victoria selected for a Hudson's Bay Company post.
1849	Vancouver Island became a British colony [52],[53].
1852	Victoria became a town.
1858	Gold Rush begins with news of the Fraser River discovery reaching San Francisco [54].
19 Nov. 1858	Mainland (New Caledonia) became the "Colony of British Columbia" under Governor James Douglas [55].
1866	Two Crown colonies (Vancouver's Island and British Columbia) were joined to form the "Province of British Columbia" [56].
1868	Victoria becomes the provincial capital [57].
1871	British Columbia enters Confederation [58].

 Portuguese Pioneers of B. C. (PJ Silvey)

(adapted from Lusitania.ca, November 2003)

 PART I - Who was Portuguese Joe Silvey? An Introduction

Manuel Azevedo

(Gastown, circa 1870. Water street between Carral and Abbott.


PORTUGUESE CORNER (Water and Abbott streets)
 Bottom right, at the north west corner of Water and Abott streets  ( the building on stilt)s is Gregorio Fernandez's store.  Gregory also owned the building directly cross the street, at the south-west corner, where he kept chickens and supplies.
     Kitty corner from Fernandez's store, at the south-east corner was  Portuguese Joe Silvey's  saloon, later known as the "Hole in the wall", today's Lamplighter pub  at the Dominion hotel. Gassy Jack's saloon was at the othere end of the block, at Carral and Water street, at the far left. vancouver was one block long. (image courtesy Rocky Sampson)

Joe Silvey is the best known of the handful of Portuguese founding pioneers to arrive in British Columbia prior to confederation (1867 – British Columbia joined Canada in 1871). He is about to become better known. Howard White, editor of the Raincoast Chronicles published by Harbour Publishing of Madeira Park, B.C., announced that the 20^th Anniversary issue will be Professor Jean Barman’s, The Remarkable Adventures of “Portuguese Joe” Silvey: A True Story of B.C., written for the Silvey family reunion held in Ladysmith, April 3, 1999. (It since has become a best seller-ed)

Who was Joe Silvey and where did he come from? According to family lore, Joe and five other Portuguese crewmembers of a whaling ship jumped ship to join the Cariboo Gold Rush of British Columbia in 1858. Although some descendants believe he jumped ship in 1849 in California or 1852 in Victoria, census records indicate he was in B.C. by 1860. Evidence at the Stanley Park settlers trial in 1923 suggests he was present for the gold rush of 1858.

Some of Joe’s friends such as Gregorio Fernandez of Gastown ( Vancouver's first store owner and coffee roaster), Peter Smith aka Portuguese Pete or Pete the Whaler, (the "half legendary" founder of the short lived whaling industry in B.C) also of Gastown, John Enos (Ignacio) of Nanoose Bay (the first European settler on the Nanoose peninsula - Enos creek is named after him), and Enos’ neighbour, John Suza (Souza),  appear to have participated in the Fraser river gold rush of 1858-1860.

Other Portuguese pioneers such as the enterprising Bittancourt and Norton brothers of Saltspring Island, (after whom Bittancourt Road and Norton Road are named) John Silva of Victoria, later Mayne and Gabriola Island (after whom Silva Bay on Gabriola Island is named), also appear in British Columbia around 1860. Joe Gonsalves from Madeira, after whom Madeira Park is named, came to Gastown later, in 1874, to look after his ailing uncle, Gregorio Fernandez. Perhaps only Joseph Montero of Cape Verde arrived in the early 1850’s prior to the Gold Rush.

Whaling

Although Portuguese began fishing for cod off Newfoundland’s Grand Banks in the fifteenth century, it was not until the nineteenth century that they reached the pacific coast, with some exceptions. American whaling ships headquartered in New New Bedford, Massachusetts had exhausted the Atlantic ocean by the mid nineteenth century, and began hunting whales in the Pacific ocean.
The sperm whaling industry in the USA was established in part by Aaron Lopez (Duarte Lopez), a New Christian born in 1752 in Lisbon who fled the inquisition to America. He is one of the founding fathers of the Touro synagogue of Newport Rhode island, the oldest extant synagogue in the USA. He had 30 ships in his fleet, which he crewed with men from the Azores. These whalers were the first documented Azorean settlers in the United States. US immigration statistics indicate that 1,605 Portuguese officially immigrated between 1820 and 1860. A small number worked in the Pacific whaling fleet.

California

When gold was discovered in California in 1849 many whaling ships were deserted by their crews, stricken by gold rush fever.  San Francisco harbour once contained  900 abandoned ships at the height of the gold rush. Joe Silvey, who may have left the Azores in 1846 may have been one of those whalers who jumped ship. Perhaps the river boat pilot J.S. Silvey listed in the 1850 San Francisco City Directory at Clark's Point (at Montgomery and Sacramento streets) was Portuguese Joe Silvey. Silvey’s descendants recall visits to British Columbia by cousins from California and New Bedford, Massachusetts. Also, Joe Gonzalves, Gregorio Fernandez’ nephew from Madeira arrived in Gastown in 1874 via San Francisco where his uncle was listed in 1857 as a fruit dealer. By 1858, the year of B.C.’s Gold Rush, he was no longer listed in the San francisco directory.

British Columbia

According to British Columbia government records of Joe’s second  marriage to (Lucy) Kwat-lee-matt in 1872, Joe was 38 years old and born on Piepika Island, Portugal. His parents were John Silvy and Francisca Hyacinthia. Joe’s eldest daughter, Elizabeth, born in Stanley Park by Joe’s first wife, Khaal-tin-aht (Maryanne), granddaughter of the notable Chief  Ki-ap-i-la-no, told the city archivist, Major Matthews, that her father was from “Pekapika, Azores Islands.”
Joe may also have had an unknown Scottish grandfather. According to some, Joe’s grandfather was a Scottish seaman who helped the Portuguese expel the French Invaders during the Peninsular War of 1808. This, Joe’s descendants said, explained the reddish beards and blue eyes of the Silvey men. Major Matthews certainly gave credence to the story; he gave Joe a Scottish surname, Simmonds, perhaps a variation of Joseph Silvia Seamens, the name Joe gave on a formal document pre-empting land in 1872.

Silvey Bay, Reid island, off the tip of Galiano island where Portuguese Joe and his seconf wife raised 10 children. Joe Silvey and his eldest son Domingos are buried here. (photo courtesy Rocky Sampson)

The Azores

There is no Pekapika island in the Azores, but Pico Island, named after the highest mountain in Portugal at 2,351 meters high (a sometimes grumbling volcano) is one of nine islands of the Azores, located in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, 760 nautical miles from Lisbon and 2,111 from New York. These previously uninhabited islands of volcanic origin are sometimes referred to as the remains of the legendary Atlantis. Today's stock of Azoreans, spilled throughout the world, are descendants  of Portuguese, Spanish, Italians, English, Flemish, French Scots, Germans, Slaves, Jews, Muslims and Christians.

The exact date of their discovery by Portuguese sailors is unknown but is generally attributed to Diogo de Silves in 1427 although the islands do appear in some fourteenth century maps. The Azores have played an important part in Portuguese history, serving as a strategic naval and military center. They served as a stop over for ships coming from India and later for ships from the Philippines during Spanish domination of Portugal between 1580 and 1640. They were often victims of pirate raids such as Sir Francis Drake.

Pico Island

Pico was populated after the initial settlements on the Islands of Santa Maria (where Columbus stopped on his return from the Americas) and São Miguel in 1439. It is believed that the first settler and his dog disembarked on the southern end of the Island in 1460. Lajes became its first town and today the municipality of Lajes encompasses the village of Calheta de Nesquim, located at the tip of the elongated island. Calheta is one of the oldest ports on Pico and was the first base for hunting sperm whales (1876). Today, with a population of approximately 15,000 people, Pico is experiencing an economic boom fueled by Portugal’s entry into the European Community although whale hunting was prohibited in 1986.

During Joe’s time, life on Pico was a constant struggle for survival, if not with the sea, then with the dark volcanic stone. Although Pico’s famous wine," verdelho", the product of herculean work on lava beds, had reached international fame all the way to the table of the Czars of Russia, an odium attack in the middle of the nineteenth century destroyed the vines. A stint on an American whaling ship looking for hard working crew members became a ticket to the promised land.

Portuguese Joe Silvey's Birth

On April 23, 1828 in the village of Calheta de Nesquim, in the municipality of Lajes, on the island of Pico, in the archipelago of the Azores, Portugal, a child was born,  Jose, the  legitimate son of John Jose de Simas and his wife Francisca Jacinta, paternal grandson of “pay incognito” (unknown father) and Maria do Espirito Santo, maternal grandson of Antonio Silveira Quaresma and his wife Maria Jacinta.
 Jose was baptized on April 28, 1828; the grandparents were, Father Jose Homem da Silveira, treasurer of the church, “Our Lady of Piedade” and godmother, Rosa Maria, daughter of Manuel Goncalves de Simas, all of Calheta de Nesquim.
 On the baptismal certificate, the date 1846 appears on the bottom, perhaps the date of Jose’s emigration at the age of 18.

That child was most certainly Portuguese Joe Silvey of British Columbia. The names of the parents match the records of his marriage to Lucy in 1872. Like many other Europeans who married young Aboriginal women, Joe fudged his age when he married 14 year old "Lucy", he was not 37 but 44!
The surname “Seamens” in a 1872-preemption land application by joe  must be a transliteration of “Simas.” And the romantic story of a Scottish grandfather resonates with grandson of “pay incognito.”
Jose came from a large family. His four sisters Maria Jacinta, Francisca Jacinta, Rosa Jacinta and Joaquina Inacia all died in Pico. However the place of death of his four brothers, Manuel, João, Antonio and Domingos (the name of Joe's eldest son and one of the founders' of the fishers union in B.C.) are unknown; perhaps they too left never to return to their native land.

Este registo pertence ao Livro nº4 - Nascimentos, da Freguesia da Calheta de Nesquim - Baptismos - 3-1-1825 a 14-5-1848, propriedade da Biblioteca Pública e Arquivo Regional da Horta, Rua D. Pedro IV nº 25, 9901-825 Horta.


Birth Certficate of Jose, courtesy of the Regional Archives of Horta-Thank you to Fernando Goulart, native of Calheta de Nesquim, Pico who appears in  Portuguese Jose  Omni TV documentary produced by Bill Moniz of Toronto, also a native of Pico).

 
San Francisco City Directory 1850

Silvey, J. S., pilot Sac and San Joaquin rivers, S. T. Saloon, Clark’s Point 

Pilots

    For the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers — W. A. Fauntleroy, W. Neal, H. Van Ness, W. Burges, L. Gamage, J. S. Silvey, H. Van Pelt, W. Sandezniss, E. Palmer, P. Howard, W. H. Joliff.  Office under Hutton and Timmerman's, Clark's Point.

    Pilots for the Outer Bar — On board Pilot Boat Rialto — G. Simpson, R. Leitch, L. Coxelta, C. J. Wright, Chas. Richardson.  On board Pilot Boat Relief — E. B. Jenkins, M. McDonald, Jas. Urie, C. J. Campbell, Robt. Sing, J. Ludlow.  W. S. Burnside and James Nelson, Agents, office California b. Mont. and Sansome.

    Harbor Master — James Hagan, office, Commerical whf. Clark's Point.  J. Carngan, secretary, Pilot Commissioner's office, Clark's Point.

    Harbor Pilots — John Delevean, John Ingram, Wm. Rogers, Mr. Hanson.  Office at the Harbor Master's office.

    Custom House — corner of Cal. & Montgomery.  James Collier, Collector.  Open from 9 A. M. till 2 P. M. 

1852/53 City Directory

Silvy A. 123 Montgomery 

Joe's brother Antonio?