THE BITTANCOURTS AND THE NORTONS

Early Salt Spring home builders
By Morton Stratton

Four very young Portugese youth 
(two sets of brothers) were among the earliest settlers on Salt Spring Island, 
arriving about 1860 just after Willis and Sylvia Stark, the Jones brothers and 
other pioneer families. Estalon and Manuel Bittancourt established claims on the 
shores of Vesuvius Bay and the fertile land to the cast; John and Delarvo Norton 
(the family name was adopted from the captain of the ship bringing them from 
Portugal) took up their claims on the gently rolling uplands between the present 
golf course and Lady Minto Hospital. Manuel and Delarvo disappear from the 
record; but Estalon Bittancourt, Manuel's son, Reid and John Norton put their 
roots down on the island, raised their huge families here, and erected some of 
the substantial homes which graced central Salt Spring Island at the turn of the 
century. It is particularly unfortunate that three of the finest homes built by 
the Bittancourts no longer exist (One demolished and two destroyed by fire) and 
hence cannot be represented in the photographic exhibit of old homes scheduled 
by the Canadian Arts Council for June 20 in Mahon Hall. But happily, several 
others are still well preserved, as are two houses built by John 
Norton.

ROMANTIC CAREER

Estalon Bittancourt had a particularly romantic and interesting career. Born in the Azores about 1845 he developed a roving disposition and a longing to go to sea. At the age of about 15 or 16 he swam out to a sailing ship bound for the goldfields of Australia. 

Soon after, the lure of the sea brought him to Vancouver Island. Refused shore 
leave by his captain he waited until nightfall and swam ashore at Royal Roads. 
Purchasing a sloop, he did a good business for several months carrying sawdust 
from Mill Bay to Victoria. Then disaster struck; a driving gale piled his frail 
craft on the rocks at ten mile point just north of Cordova Bay; but fortunately 
his ability as a swimmer saved him after a hard struggle with the swift running 
current. Perhaps tiring of his adventures on the sea he took the advice of his 
fellow countryman, John Norton, who already knew something of Salt Spring, and 
established his land claims behind Vesuvius Bay. 

STORY OF THE FAMILY

For a full generation, from the 
1860's until death in 1917, the story of Vesuvius is in a real way the story of 
the Estalon married, raised a large family of nine children, became a 
substantial businessman and farmer and developed the agreeable habit of building 
substantial homes for himself and his family. The earliest and the finest, his 
own home above the docks at Vesuvius, existed in its later days as the Vesuvius 
Bay (An annex was built in 1886 for son, Fred, and wife, Annie). This big house 
was the centre of Estalon's enterprise. Hero he ran a general store (supplied by 
a sloop with which he delivered goods to and from Victoria) and a friendly 
little neighborhood pub (a decent enough establishment, but still off limits to 
the strict Methodists at Central Settlement.) Later he developed the store into 
the Vesuvius Bay Hotel. A major source of income for the growing Bittancourt 
family came from the operation of the sandstone quarries at Vesuvius, originally 
developed in 1860-61 by five partners who took of for the goldfields of the 
Cariboo in 1861.

 
AT FULL STRENGTH
In the 1880's the sandstone quarry 
was running at full strength and the family operated three sloops carrying stone 
to Victoria and Esquimalt. The Esquimalt dry dock, the original causeway in 
front of the Empress Hotel and several churches in Victoria were constructed of 
Vesuvius sandstone. Coal was also mined at the Bittancourt place; especially at 
nearby Dock (now corrupted to Duck) Bay. Bea Hamilton tells us this coal 
retailed for 25 cents a bag! Since the Vesuvius docks were the principal window 
on the world for settlers north of the Divide, the Bittancourts were often the 
first to welcome newcomers to the island. One of the early priests working this 
mission field, Father Kremera, was once flung from his canoe into the waters at 
Sansum Narrows. He made it to shore and staggered through the bush where he was 
found by Bittancourt. Years later (1894) it was Bittancourt who greeted the Rev. 
E.F. Wilson upon his first arrival at Salt Spring on a cold February morning and 
directed him on his way to Mrs. Stevens; Boarding House. Meanwhile, over the 
years the Bittancourt land holdings were expanding (some of the acreage farmed 
with the help of his son, Charlie) until at the time of Estalon's death in 1917 
at the age of 74 there were 437 acres registered in his name. 
 
FIVE HOUSES
The family home - turned hotel was 
destroyed by fire on 1975 but five houses still attest to the prosperity of this 
enterprising pioneer. Best known are the three "dowry houses" that ringed 
Vesuvius Bay (photo in Toynbee's Snapshots), built by Bittancourt for three of 
his married daughters (one house has since been moved to the top of the hill 
where the road descends to the bay). A house built across the road from the 
wharf for his son, Fred, about 1892 was recently moved to the Farmer's Institute 
property on Rainbow Road and will serve the community as Salt Spring Island's 
first museum after remodeling is "The Ark" the jewel of them all. The 
Bittancourt family was Catholic and had originally installed a chaplin in the 
attic of the old family home where once a month a Catholic priest attended to 
celebrate mass. Later, Estalon built a small chapel up the road from son Fred's 
home. This pretty little building, now a residence, still stands with a bell in 
the gable, a fitting testimonial to the devout Catholic family whose legacy 
lives on at Vesuvius Bay.

HIS NEPHEWS
Equally well known to the next 
generation on Salt Spring, including many now living were Estalon Bittancourt's 
nephews, Reid and Arthur Bittancourt. After he moved here in the 1880's Reid's 
life was intimately related to the development of the Ganges area. Arthur, on 
the other hand, made his name in Alaska but he is remembered locally for the 
meticulous care with which he dismantled the Methodist chapel at Central board 
by board and window by window and reassembled it on Hereford Avenue. Here the 
structure now stands as the street side portion of the Legion Hall. Complete 
with a new roof, the operation cost $300. Arthur also did some exceptional 
carpentry work in the early 20's in the home of Dick Toynee on Churchill Road. 
Abraham Reid Bittancourt was an outstanding carpenter and builder. (See Valerie 
Richards comment on his craftsmanship in a recent Driftwood). He apparently 
developed his skills before moving to the island. In 1890 he worked with Mr. 
Herd of Somenoa in the construction of the T. W. Mouat house which still stands 
on the ridge west of St. Mary Lake. 

BULLOCK MANSION
Certainly the biggest commission 
was building the impressive Henry Bullock mansion in 1892 for a contract price 
of $2,000. Subsequently, he erected several houses in the village of Ganges; for 
example, the home at the corner of Rainbow Road and Lower Ganges Road across 
from the health office. But better known was the splendid home and store put up 
in 1904 at the foot of Ganges Hill, known more recently as the Dr. Francis 
nursing home (demolished in 1967). Reid's career as a storekeeper boat operator 
and patrol officer for Canada Customs are beyond the scope of this article. In 
concluding these comments on the Portugese pioneers, mention must be made of 
John Norton (born Delavera). Like Reid Bittancourt, he raised a fine family on 
Salt Spring. His children were contemporaries and playmates of some of Salt 
Spring's older living residents (see Toynbee's school snapshots). John Norton 
was a prosperous farmer in the area west and north of the present Valcourt 
Centre. 

ON NORTON ROAD
Here he constructed for his second 
wife the family home which stands on the left up Norton Road and is now 
surrounded by so many lovely flowers and overgrown shrubs. Incidentally, this 
house, owned by a granddaughter of John Norton, is the only house in the 
Heritage House Committee's survey which is still in the hands of a descendant of 
the builder. John Norton also built a house for A.J. Smith about 1903 which 
stands on the left of Blain Road above Greenwoods, commanding a panoramic view 
of Ganges Harbour. The Nortons and the Bittancourts, only recently so well known 
on the island are gone now. But the houses they built stand as a tribute to the 
contribution they made to the growth and diversity of our fascinating island. 
 

THE BITTANCOURTS of SALT SPRING ISLAND
(Adaped from Lusitania.ca, June 2003, by M. Azevedo)

 Bittancourt family-Saltspring Island Archives

In May of 1917, Estalon Joze Bittancourt (Bettencourt) died in his home at Vesuvius Bay on Salt Spring Island, B.C. He had lived on the island for nearly 60 years. An obituary in a local newspaper described him as one of the most prominent residents of the island with large real estate holdings and a wide circle of friends, not only on the island, but also throughout British Columbia.

Estalon, also known as Estalno, Bittancourt was 17 years old when he swam ashore at Royal Roads on Vancouver Island. He had stowed away from Sao Miguel, Azores, on a sailing ship bound for the goldfields of Australia. He did not stay long and soon set sail for greener pastures.

Salt Spring Island, at 120 square miles, is the largest of the Gulf Islands. It did not have any  permanent settlements, although nearby Indians fished and hunted there. It was a paradise of 200-foot tall trees  teeming with wildlife. In 1857 and 1858 a small number of Blacks settled there. In 1859 Governor Douglas permitted 29 people to pre-empt land with no down payment. The small colony soon consisted of Indians, Blacks, Hawaiians, and Caucasians. By 1895 an informal survey counted 22 Portuguese.

Estalno and his brother, Emmanuel Antoine, were among the first settlers. After jumping ship, Estalno bought a sloop to carry freight. A fierce gale soon destroyed it but Estalno, a powerful swimmer, managed to save himself. Soon after he met John Norton (another Portuguese from Flores Island in the Azores) who persuaded him to move from Victoria to Salt Spring.

It did not take long before the enterprising Estalno established himself at Vesuvius Bay at the north end of the Island. He built a large house, which became Vesuvius Bay lodge. He operated a store and post office. He operated sandstone quarries, mined coal, farmed and built several fine houses. At one time, the family operated three sloops carrying stone to Victoria and Esquimalt for the dry docks, Empress Hotel causeway and several churches in Victoria. There were 26 East Indians working the quarry by the turn of the century. The quarry’s stone even made its way to the U.S. Federal Mint in San Francisco.

Estalno married Mary Katherine Paul. The 1881 census describes her origin as African. They had five boys and six girls. They were a religious family. Their home included a private chapel, in which pioneer Catholic priest Rev. Fr. Dunkel held monthly services. Dunkel had been rescued, by Estalon, from his capsized dug out canoe. About 1888 he built the “Ark,” a chapel still standing in 1998. In 1885 he helped build St. Paul’s church at Fulford Harbour. His son Joseph, became an oblate father at St. Peter’s college in New Westminster.

Estalno’s brother, Emmanuel Antoine, born in 1845, was also an early settler on Salt Spring but vanishes after the 1881 census in which he is described as an “ordinary seaman.” He married Mary Elen from Ontario. They had five sons. Abraham Reid Bittancourt stayed on the Island. He was a master craftsman who built some of the finest buildings on the island. Today’s museum and archives are located in Bittancourt House. Abraham also operated a store but sold it around 1910 to enter the customs service with his boat under charter to the Federal government. During the thirties he chased many a rum smuggler with his boat, the “Winamac.”

The Bittancourts were one of the most prominent and wealthiest families on the island. Bittancourt Road is named after the family. Norton Road is named after their compatriot John Norton.

Bittancourt family-Saltspring Island Archives